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INTRODUCTION: The age for kidney transplantation (KT) is no longer a limitation and several studies have shown benefits in the survival of elderly patients. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of the baseline Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score to morbidity and mortality after transplantation. METHODS: In this multicentric observational retrospective cohort study, we included patients older than 60 years admitted on the waiting list (WL) for deceased donor KT from January 01, 2006, to December 31, 2016. The CCI score was calculated for each patient at inclusion on the WL. RESULTS: Data for analysis were available of 387 patients. The patients were divided in tertiles of CCI: group 1 (CCI: 1-2) n = 117, group 2 (CCI: 3-4) n = 158, and group 3 (CCI: ≥5) n = 112. Patient survival was significantly different between CCI groups at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively: 90%, 88%, and 84% for group 1, 88%, 80%, and 72% for group 2, and 87%, 75%, and 63% for group 3 (p < 0.0001). Variables associated with mortality were CCI score (p < 0.0001), HLA mismatch (p = 0.014), length of hospital stay (p < 0.0001), surgical complications (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Individualized strategies to modify these variables may improve patient's morbidity and mortality after KT.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Comorbidade , Hospitalização , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar frecuencia de hisopado, casos positivos y tasa de letalidad por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes trasplantados, en lista de espera o en evaluación en un Hospital Público de la Argentina. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes de la unidad (trasplantados, en lista de espera o en evaluación para trasplante) hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2020. Se buscó en forma individualizada cada paciente en el SINTRA, en bases de datos de pacientes de una unidad de trasplante y en el sistema SISA, para buscar: realización de hisopados, porcentaje de positividad de los mismos, mortalidad general y aquella vinculada a SARS-CoV-2. Se consideró edad, sexo, tiempo en diálisis, condición de diabético, hipertensión y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Se realizó análisis estadístico mediante Student, Mann Whitney y Chi cuadrado según correspondiere. Resultados: Durante 2020, estuvieron en seguimiento, en la Unidad de Trasplante Renal, un total de 1513 pacientes entre trasplantados renales en seguimiento (n=515), pacientes en lista de espera renal (n= 413) y pacientes en evaluación para trasplante (n=585). Se registraron un total de 103 casos positivos de COVID-19, sobre 477 hisopados realizados (positividad del 32,51%). La tasa de letalidad global fue del 21,88%, variando según el paciente estuviera en lista de espera (22,73%), en evaluación de trasplante (30%) o trasplantado (35,48%). Estas diferencias no alcanzaron significación estadística. Conclusiones: Se presenta un análisis descriptivo de los efectos de la pandemia sobre nuestra población. Es importante notar que nuestro centro atiende un porcentaje elevado de pacientes de bajos recursos y un área geográfica extensa, por lo cual los resultados pueden haber sido sesgados por estas características. En nuestra población trasplantada se observó un incremento de 10 veces la letalidad observada en la población general. La presencia de un mayor grado de inmunosupresión y factores de riesgo (diabetes, edad, hipertensión) podrían explicar lo observado.
ABSTRACT Objectives: Assess frequency of swabbing, positive and lethality rate cases of SARS-CoV-2 in transplant patients on the waiting list or evaluation in a Public Hospital of Argentina. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out of the patients in the unit (transplanted, on the waiting list or under evaluation for transplantation) until September 30, 2020. Each patient was searched individually in the SINTRA, in databases of patients of a transplant unit and in the SISA system, to find: swabbing, percentage of tests positivity, general mortality and that related to SARS-CoV-2. Age, sex, time on dialysis, diabetic condition, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were considered. Statistical analysis was performed using Student, Mann Whitney and Chi square as appropriate. Results: During 2020, a total of 1,513 patients were under follow-up in the Kidney Transplant Unit, including kidney transplants under follow-up (n=515), patients on the renal waiting list (n=413) and patients under evaluation for transplantation (n=585). A total of 103 positive cases of COVID-19 were registered, out of 477 swabs performed (positivity of 32.51%). The overall case fatality rate was of the 21.88%, varying according to the patient was on the waiting list (22.73%) in transplant evaluation (30%) or transplanted (35.48%). These differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: A descriptive analysis of the effects of the pandemic on our population is presented. It is important to note that our center cares for a high percentage of low-income patients and a large geographic area, so the results may have been biased by these characteristics. In our transplanted population, a 10-fold increase in mortality observed in the general population was observed. The presence of a higher degree of immunosuppression and risk factors (diabetes, age, hypertension) could explain what was observed.
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BACKGROUND: The impact of renal transplantation (RT) in the elderly with many comorbid conditions is a matter of concern. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of RT on the survival of patients older than 60 years compared with those remaining on the waiting list (WL) according to their comorbidities. METHODS: In this multicentric observational retrospective cohort study, we included all patients older than 60 years old admitted on the WL from 01 January 2006 to 31 December 2016. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was calculated for each patient at inclusion on the WL. Kidney donor risk index was used to assess donor characteristics. RESULTS: One thousand and thirty-six patients were included on the WL of which 371 (36%) received an RT during a median follow-up period of 2.5 (1.4-4.1) years. Patient survival was higher after RT compared to patients remaining on the WL, 87%, 80%, and 72% versus 87%, 55%, and 30% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. After RT survival at 5 years was 37% higher for patients with CCI ≥ 3, and 46% higher in those with CCI < 3, compared with patients remaining on the WL. On univariate and multivariate analysis, patient survival was independently associated with a CCI of ≥3 (hazard ratio 1.62; confidence interval 1.09-2.41; P < 0.02) and the use of calcineurin-based therapy maintenance therapy (hazard ratio 0.53; confidence interval 0.34-0.82; P < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that RT improved survival in patients older than 60 years even those with high comorbidities. The survival after transplantation was also affected by comorbidities.
